Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetes mellitus a devastating metabolic disorder 1, g. Diabetes mellitus diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy immediately after pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus an overview sciencedirect topics. With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, your body does not make or use. Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, and may be further classified into various types depending on symptomatology and presentation. Well, it doesnt have to because there are easy things you can do to. O box 4384400100, nairobi 2department of pure and applied sciences, technical university of mombasa, p. Total diabetesrelated costs are more when you add gestational diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness with increased morbidity and mortality. Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies to use for energy. Metabolic abnormalities in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins result from the importance of insulin as an anabolic hormone. Review article diabetes mellitus a devastating metabolic.
Diabetes develops due to diminished production of insulin in type 1 or resistance to its effects in type 2 and gestational. Diabetes mellitus has become one of the most common public health problems in the country. After eating, most food is turned into glucose, the bodys main source of energy. Macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus are related to atherosclerosis, and diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
Overview diagnosis and tests management and treatment prevention living with. Management of gestational diabetes mellitus management of preexisting type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy postpartum care pregnancy and drug considerations s120 14. Are overweight are noncaucasian have a family history of type 2. Catherine carver, msn, aprnbc, cde and martin abrahamson, md. Its all about finding the right balance that works for you. It is mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion or insulin action. In diabetes, either the pancreass ability to produce insulin or the cells response to insulin is altered. These ketone bodies are also passed in the urine, thereby leading to ketonuria, which characterizes diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. Diabetes mellitus specialty group overview mayo clinic. Diabetes can cause serious health complications including heart disease, blindness.
Type 2 diabetes also called type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disorder that is known for disrupting the way your body uses glucose sugar. Whether youve been newly diagnosed, have been fighting against type 1 or type 2 diabetes for a while, or are helping a loved one, youve come to the right place. Type 2 diabetes, previously called noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus or adultonset diabetes, accounts for approximately 95% of all patients with diabetes. Diabetes the path to understanding diabetes starts here. Pdf diabetes mellitus can be viewed as an outcome of the interplay among the underlying disease process, the environment, and the behavior of the. It is a group of diseases resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both centers for disease control and prevention cdc, 2015a. American diabetes association standards of medical care in. Low levels of insulin to achieve adequate response andor. But figuring out what to eat can feel like a hassle, right. Because the pancreas is able to appropriately augment its secretion of insulin to offset the. Gestational diabetes mellitus gdm is a form of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that prevents your body from properly using the.
Diabetes occurs in one of the following situations. When you eat a carbohydrate, your body turns it into a sugar called. An individualized education plan is developed by the diabetes educator in collaboration with the patient. Diabetes is a general term for disorders characterised by polyuria. Build up of ketone bodies in the blood produces ketosis. Noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus niddm results from an imbalance between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, prior history of gestational diabetes, impaired. Nutrition overview ada american diabetes association. High blood glucose can cause health problems over time.
A brief overview of diabetes and the american diabetes association. Overview of diabetes mellitus diabetes is not one disease, but rather is a heterogeneous group of syndromes chara c t e ri zed by an elevation of fasting blood glucose caused by a relative or absolute deficiency in insulin. Management strategies include management of the associated metabolic risk factors such has hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and. The main types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational. Ketone bodies are acidic in nature and therefore, their build up in blood lowers blood ph, leading to acidosis. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. At advanced stages, diabetes can cause kidney failure, amputation, blindness and stroke. Increased thirst and urination, feeling tired, unexplained weight loss, and blurred vision are. During digestion, food is broken down into its basic components. After adjustment for age, body mass index was the dominant predictor. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disorder, characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from absolute or relative insulin deficiency.
Type 2 diabetes may account for about 90 percent to 95 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars, primarily glucose. Glucose is vital to your health because its an important source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues. Using onetoone teaching or group classes supplemented with audiovisual and printed materials, nurse and dietitian diabetes educators provide instruction as needed in program content areas relating to.
It a medical condition characterized by an elevation of blood glucose level, this metabolic disorder will taken place as a result of either insulin. In a person without diabetes, the pancreas produces more insulin whenever blood levels of glucose rise for example, after a meal, and the insulin signals the bodys cells to take in the glucose. This form of diabetes, which accounts for only 510% of all diabetes, is a juvenileonset diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but is a group of metabolic disorders affecting a huge number of population in the world. Diabetes mellitus an overview free download as powerpoint presentation. Diabetes prevents your body from properly absorbing energy from the food you eat. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing among women of all ages.
The pancreas an organ behind your stomach produces little insulin or no insulin at all. Diabetes mellitus is a condition defined by persistently high levels of sugar glucose in the blood. Njagi3 1department of biochemistry and biotechnology, kenyatta university, p. Diabetes is diagnosed with fasting sugar blood tests or with a1c blood tests, also known as glycated hemoglobin tests. More than 100 million americans are living with diabetes 30. Diabetes occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. Most people with diabetes have type 2 most people are over age 40 when diagnosed, but type 2 is becoming more common younger adults, children and teens type 2 is more likely in people who. This monograph provides an overview of the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of diabetes mellitus and comorbidities in women. Diabetes mellitus refers to the group of diseases that lead to high blood glucose levels due to defect in either insulin secretion or in its action 1. Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a chronic illness that requires lifelong and ongoing medical evaluation. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. What is diabetes centers for disease control and prevention.
Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of adult blindness and amputation, and a major. The percentage was found to be higher among elderly bahrainis 12. A communitybased study among mothers aged 18 to 48 years showed that 8. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus diabetes care. Diabetes mellitus dm, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. Diabetes type 1 diabetes type 2 diabetes medlineplus. Diabetes is a chronic longlasting disease that affects how your body turns food into energy.
The pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our bodies. Type 2 diabetes was previously called noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus niddm or adultonset diabetes. No matter where you are in your fight, heres where you need to be. The two most common are called type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Overview on diabetes mellitus type 2 longdom publishing sl. A fasting blood sugar test is performed after you have had. New guidelines for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetic individuals have abnormal lipid metabolism with increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol ldl, and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol hdl. Diabetes mellitus, disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by impaired ability of the body to produce or respond to insulin and thereby maintain proper levels of sugar glucose in the blood.
Overview of diabetes summary of relevant conditions. Both longitudinal and crosssectional studies have demonstrated that the earliest detectable abnormality in niddm is an impairment in the bodys ability to respond to insulin. Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Diabetes mellitus, also called diabetes, is a term for several conditions involving how your body turns food into energy. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that prevents your body from properly using the energy from the food you eat. Diabetes mellitus can be viewed as an outcome of the interplay among the underlying disease process, the environment, and the behavior of the affected individual. When youre managing diabetes, your eating plan is a powerful tool. Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, though these outcomes are not due to the immediate effects of the disorder. Type 1 diabetes, previously called insulindependent diabetes mellitus. It usually refers to diabetes mellitus, a common chronic syndrome of impaired carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism owing to insufficient secretion of insulin andor targettissue insulin resistance. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy.